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Sh
Sha’ar Hashamayim
Sha’arei Shalom  (sha-a-ray shah-LOHM) n.pl. Gates of Peace; a common name for many synagogues.  These are the things that you shall do: Speak the truth to one another; render in your gates judgments that are true and make for peace. (Zech. 8:16)
Sha’arei Tzedek  (sha-a-ray TZE-dek) n. Gates of Righteousness.  pitkhu-li sha’arei-tzedek, avo-vam odei Yah - Open to me the gates of righteousness, that I may enter through them and give thanks to the LORD. (Psalm 119:18).
Sha’arei Tziyon  (sha-a-ray tsee-YOHN) n.pl. Gates of Zion; The Zion Gate (Hebrew: שער ציון, Sha’ar Zion) is one of eight gates built into the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem (also called David’s Gate, sha’ar David).  “The LORD loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob” (Psalm 87:2). 
Sha’atnez  (SHA’-AT-nayz) n. Any fabric made of wool mixed with linen. Two verses in the Torah prohibit a Jew from wearing fabric containing a combination of wool and linen. The first is in Leviticus 19:19, “A shaatnez garment should not cover you,” and the second is in Deuteronomy 22:11, "Do not wear shaatnez, wool and linen together” (the word sha’atnez is considered an acronym for the Hebrew words “shua” = combined “tavei” = spun, “nuz” = woven). Shaatnez is sometimes considered to be a metaphor against mingling the holy and the profane. Wool blankets, sweaters, pants, women’s apparel, linen suits, blouses, etc., may not be composed of shaatnez but must be checked by a specially trained tester.
Shabbat  (shab-BAHT) n. Shabbat; Sabbath; Day of rest. (Ex. 20:8). Observed from sunset Friday evening to sundown Saturday evening, marked by rest, worship, and study. One who traditionally observes the legal requirements for Shabbat is called Shomer Shabbat. One of the aseret hadibrot, or Ten Commandments (Ex. 20:2-17; Deut. 5:6-21) requires the sanctification of this day.
Shabbat Bereshit  (shab-BAHT be-ray-SHEET) n. The first Sabbath after Simchat Torah on which the portion of Bereshit (Genesis) is read. The one called to do Aliyah on this day is called the “Bridegroom (chatan) of Genesis.”
Shabbat Chazon (shab-bat kha-ZOHN) n. “The Sabbath of Vision.” The Sabbath preceding the Fast of Av (Tishah B’Av) during the Three Weeks of Sorrow is called Chazon since the Haftarah read is from the first chapter of Isaiah revealing the coming destruction of the Temple.
Shabbat HaChodesh  (shab-bat ha-KHOH-desh) n. “Sabbath of the Month.” The sabbath before the 1st of Nissan, the start of the biblical year (Ex. 12:1-20). This is one of the Four Shabbatot, or special Sabbaths, that occurs before Passover and is attended with special ritual at the synagogue.
Shabbat HaGadol  (shab-BAHT hag-gah-DOHL) n. Shabbat Hagadol; “The Great Sabbath”; Sabbath preceding Pesach. Called “great” (gadol) because it began the story of the passage of the Jews from slavery into freedom, and it was the Shabbat when the Jews of Egypt sprinkled lamb’s blood on doorposts to prevent the Angel of Death from stopping by their households during the last plague. It was in Egypt that Israel celebrated the very first Shabbat Ha-Gadol on the tenth of Nissan, five days before their redemption. On that day, the Children of Israel were given their first commandment which applied only to that Shabbat, but not to future generations: On the tenth day of this month [Nissan]... each man should take a lamb for the household, a lamb for each home (Exodus 12:3).
Shabbat Parah  (shab-baht pah-RAH) phr. “Sabbath of the Red Cow.” The additional (musaf) portion recalls the Red Heifer sacrifice (Num. 19) and the making of the ashes for ritual purification. Read on the sabbath after Purim. This is one of the Four Shabbatot, or special Sabbaths, that occurs before Passover and is attended with special ritual at the synagogue.
Shabbat Shabbaton  (shab-BAHT shab-bah-TOHN) n. A “high” sabbath (lit. “Sabbath of sabbaths”). A high Sabbath is a day of shabbaton (rest) that may occur on any day of the week besides the weekly sabbath day. Shabbaton may indicate a festival day of the Jewish calendar in which work is prohibited.
Shabbat Shalom  (shab-baht sha-LOHM) phr. “Good Sabbath!”
Shabbat Shekalim  (shab-baht she-kah-LEEM) phr. “Sabbath of Shekels” (from a custom that originated from the half-shekel tax used to maintain the mishkan (and later the Temple)). Read on Sabbath before the 1st of Adar. The Maftir (additional reading) from Exodus (30:11-16) describes the census of every Jew and the obligation to give a half-shekel terumah (contribution) during the month of Adar to pay for the public korbanot (sacrifices) offered in the Bet Hamikdash (Temple) in Jerusalem. For us, it might be a time to remember those who offer personal sacrifices so that we also might draw closer to God. This is one of the Four Shabbatot, or special Sabbaths, that occurs before Passover and is attended with special ritual at the synagogue.
Shabbat Shuvah  (shab-baht shoo-VAH) n. “Shabbat of Return.” The Sabbath between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, during the Ten Days of Awe. The Shabbat Shuvah haftarah reading begins with the words Shuvah Yisrael "Return O Israel," from the prophecy of Hoshea.
Shabbat Zachor  (shab-baht zah-KHOHR) phr. “Sabbath of Remembrance,” read on the sabbath before Purim. The additional (musaf) portion recalls the enmity of the Amalkites (Deut. 25:17-19). This is one of the Four Shabbatot, or special Sabbaths, that occurs before Passover and is attended with special ritual at the synagogue.
Shabbaton  (shab-bah-TOHN) n. 1) Rest; cessation from work; a vacation; 2) One of the seven annual Sabbaths (4 of which are known as Shabbat Shabbaton)..
Shacharit  (sha-cha-REET) n. The morning Prayer Service performed in the synagogue. Shacharit is the daily morning tefillah (prayer service). The word shacharit comes from the Hebrew word shachar, or morning, denoting that shacharit is to be prayed in the morning. It is said that Abraham invented Shacharit by regularly praying to God in the morning (Issac is likewise said to have invented Minchah (afternoon service), and Jacob the Ma'ariv (evening service)).
Shadchan  (shad-KHAN) n. Marraige broker. Match-maker.
Shaddai  (shad-DAI) n. Shaddai; Almighty; see the Names of God.
Shaliach  (shah-LEE-akh) n. Messenger; Delegate. Emissary. A person sent forth as an agent to perform a task for a Principal. In Jewish understanding the identity of the agent becomes that of the Principal when the agent performs the task given to him by the Principal. Plural form is Sh’lichim.
Shaliach Tzibbur  (shah-LEE-akh tseeb-BOOR) n. Prayer leader;. Traditionally, a Jewish prayer service is chanted. The shaliach tzibbur functions as the representative of the community who recites the prayers on behalf of the people. Some prayers are said by everyone, and some are recited aloud by the shaliach tzibbur, to which the congregation responds "Amen" (the chazzan (cantor) is specially trained in the Jewish music (cantillation) and liturgy for this role).
Shalom  (shah-LOHM) n. Peace; Wholeness; well-being; wellness. Also used as a general greeting or farewell. Shalem is the adjectival form. Shalom Bayit refers to peace in the home.
Shalom Aleichem  (shah-lohm a-LAY-khem) n. Shalom Aleichem, lit. "may you have peace." 1) A traditional greeting between Jews, to which the proper response is 'Aleichem Shalom,' (‘and peace upon you’), 2) A song sung on Shabbat before dinner, welcoming HaShem's angelic representatives to the table and wishing them a safe journey when they leave, 3) A Yiddish author.
Shalosh Regalim  (shah-lohsh re-ga-LEEM) n. Shalosh Regalim (also transliterated as Shelosh Regalim). n. Three annual pilgrimage festivals: Pesach, Shavu’ot, and Sukkot (Ex. 23:14). Three required celebrations in Jerusalem according to the instructions of the Torah. "Three times every year shall your menfolk appear before the Lord your God in the place that He will choose, in the feast of Pesach, in the feast of Shavuot, and in the Feast of Sukkot." (Deuteronomy 16:16)
Shalosh Seudot  (shah-lohsh se-oo-DOHT) n. The three traditional meals of the Sabbath (on Friday evening, on Saturday morning (kiddush) and the Saturday afternoon meal). Note that this term is often used to refer to the last meal of the Sabbath day (i.e., the afternoon meal (after mincha prayers), though technically this third meal is called seudah shlishit.
Shalvah  (shal-VAH) n. Serenity; peace; tranquility.
Shamash  (SHAM-mahsh) n. 1) Synagogue caretaker or custodian; deacon; 2) Servant candle for Chanukkah menorah.
Shamayim  (shah-MAI-yeem) n. Heaven; sky; Malkhut Shamayim is the Kingdom of Heaven.
Shame  (boo-shah). n. Shame, embarrassment (often the result of lashon hara).
Shanah  (shah-NAH) n. Year. Rosh HaShanah is the Jewish New Year.
Shanah Meuberet  (shah-NAH me-oo-BEH-ret) n. Jewish Leap Year; A "pregnant" year. A year with with an additional month (called Adar I) added to the usual 12 (developed to synchronize the solar seasons with lunar months). Adar I is inserted before the month of Adar (which is then renamed Adar II for the leap year). Adar II is the “real” Adar in leap years, so Purim, for example, is celebrated in Adar II on leap years. The inserted month occurs in the 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 19th years of a 19 year cycle. With the extra month of Adar I, a Jewish leap year contains 54 weeks, but non leap years have only 50 weeks. On the week of Passover and the week of Sukkot, different Torah portions are read, so that leaves 52 weeks for the 54 readings (2 weeks have double portions), and on non leap years only 48 weeks for the 54 (6 weeks have double portions). Confused? Check a good Jewish calendar to make sure you’re on the right date!
Shanah Tovah  (shah-nah toh-VAH) phr. Lit. “Good Year,” “Happy New Year!” Usually said during Rosh HaShanah. L'Shanah Tovah Tikatevu is a phrase customarily said on the Jewish New Year and means "May you be inscribed (in the Book of Life) for a good year!”
Sharon  (shah-rohn) n. Sharon. A geographical region of Israel.
Shas  (shahsh) n. Talmud. Abbreviation for Shisha Sidarim, the six orders of the Mishnah that form the basis of the Talmud. Shas and Chumash with Rashi is considered a good Jewish religious education.
Shatnez (SHA’AT-nayz) n. Any fabric made of wool mixed with linen. Two verses in the Torah prohibit a Jew from wearing fabric containing a combination of wool and linen. The first is in Leviticus 19:19, “A shatnez garment should not cover you,” and the second is in Deuteronomy 22:11, "Do not wear shatnez, wool and linen together” (the word sha’atnez is considered an acronym for the Hebrew words “shua” = combined “tavei” = spun, “nuz” = woven). Shatnez is sometimes considered to be a metaphor against mingling the holy and the profane. Wool blankets, sweaters, pants, women’s apparel, linen suits, blouses, etc., may be composed of shatnez.
Sha'ul  (sha-’OOL) n. Saul. “also known as Paul” (Acts 13:9). Messiah’s emissary to the gentile world. Rabbi Shau'l is widely known for being the emissary to the gentiles.
Shavua  (shah-VOO-ah) n. Week. See the Jewish Calendar.
Shavua Tov  (shah-VOO-ah TOHV) phr. “Good week!”
Shavu'ot  (shah-voo-OHT) n. Shavuot; Pentecost; Feast of Weeks; Weeks. The Festival commemorating giving of the Torah at Har Sinai to Israel. Observed on the fiftieth day after the first day of Pesach. Shavu’ot is the concluding festival of the Spring season, a festival of the offering of the first fruits, and a picture of the resurrection of Yeshua the Messiah as the Firstfruits (1 Cor. 15:20).
She’arit Yisrael  (she-ay-REET yees-rah-AYL) n. Remnant of Israel; descendants of Israel; from the Hebrew ver sha’ar, meaning to remain, survive, to leave behind. The Remnant of Israel is a sovereignly chosen subset of ethnic Israel that has been faithfully preserved by the LORD over the centuries. The Scriptures make a distinction between being an ethnic Jew (i.e., one born Jewish) and one who is considered to be a member of she’arit Yisrael, the faithful remnant of Israel. This can be seen in the following:  In the New Testament, the metaphor of the Olive Tree (Romans 11) indicates clearly that the Church is incorporated into the remnant of Israel. The Gentile Church must repent regarding its arrogant attitude toward the Jewish people and express profound gratitude to God for their miraculous preservation over the centuries. Moreover, the Gentile Church should stand with ethnic Israel by considering them as “eschatological brethren,” that is, future followers and partakers of the LORD Jesus Christ. For “the gifts and calling of God are irrevocable” (Rom. 11:29), and “if their rejection means the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance mean but life from the dead? (Rom. 11:15). The overarching plan of God is to redeem both Jews and Gentiles by means of the unconditional covenants and promises given to the faithful patriarchs of Israel. The Gentile Church does not exist instead of Israel (replacement theology); nor does it exist outside of Israel (separation theology); but rather it is incorporated within the faithful remnant of Israel.
Shechitah  (she-chee-TAH) n. Ritual slaughtering of animals.
Shed / Shedim  (shed / she-deem) n. Demons.
She’elah / She’elot  (she-ay-LAH / she-ay-LOHT) n. Question(s); Questions given to a rabbinical authority regarding Jewish observance or halakhah.
Shehecheyanu  (she-he-khe-YAH-noo) n. The Shehecheyanu blessing. Customary blessing said upon any special occasion.
Shekel  (SHE-kel) n. Money; Kesef; silver; mammon.
Shekhinah  (she-khee-NAH) n. Also spelled shechinah; Divine Presence; Inspiration. Sometimes used to refer to the Presence of God and specifically when it dwelt (rested) between the Keruvim (Cherubim) over the Seat of Atonement of the Ark of Testimony in the Kodesh Hakodeshim (Holy of Holies); at other time the Shekhinah represents the pillar of cloud and fire that accompanied the Presence of the LORD in the wilderness or that manifested itself in the Mishkan and Temple.
Shelita  (she-lee-TAH) acr. Often transliterated as Sh’lita. Acronym for a Hebrew phrase “May he live a long and good life, Amen” [She'yikhye Lirot Yamim Tovim ve'arukim], said by ultraorthodox when mentioning the name of a revered rabbi. (Example: “Note that the Rebbe sh'lita has instructed and requested all of Bar Mitzvah age and older to regularly put on tefillin.”) .
Shelom Bayit  (sh’loh BAY-eet) phr. Keeping peace in the home/family.
Shelomoh  (sh’loh-moh) n. Shlomo. Solomon. The son of King David by Bathsheba and 3rd king of Israel; author of Proverbs and Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes. Also transliterated as Shlomo, Shlomoh, Sh’lomoh, Shelomoh.
Shelosh Regalim  (she-lohsh re-ga-LEEM) n. Shelosh Regalim (also transliterated as Shalosh Regalim). n. Three annual pilgrimage festivals: Pesach, Shavu’ot, and Sukkot (Ex. 23:14). Three required celebrations in Jerusalem according to the instructions of the Torah. "Three times every year shall your menfolk appear before the Lord your God in the place that He will choose, in the feast of Pesach, in the feast of Shavuot, and in the Feast of Sukkot." (Deuteronomy 16:16)
Sheloshah Amudim  (shloh-shah a-moo-DEEM) n. A maxim (given in Pirkei Avot 1:2) that states that the spiritual life is composed of a three-part balance:
Like a chair that requires at least three legs to function, so we must engage in the study of Scripture, serve the LORD with passion, and truly love another. Please note that each of these “pillars” is repeated in the teachings of the Brit Chadashah (study [Acts 17:11, 2 Tim 2:15], serve God [Matt. 4:10, Matt. 6:24, 1 Thess 1:9, 2 Tim 1:3], and love one another, even as Yeshua loved us [John 13:34-5, John 15:17, Rom. 12:10, Rom. 13:8, etc.).
Sheloshah Avot  (shloh-shah ah-VOHT) n. The three fathers of the Jewish people: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 
Sheloshim  (she-loh-SHEEM) n. Thirty; Thirty days of mourning as part of the Jewish grieving process.
Shelosh Esreh Middot (shel rachamim)  (she-lohsh es-ray meed-DOHT) n. Shelosh Esrei Middot. Yod-Gimmel Middot Shel Rachamin. After the Jews had committed the grievous sin with the golden calf, Moses despaired of the Jews ever being able to find favor in God’s eyes again. God, however (as explained in the Talmud (Tractate Rosh Hashanah 17b)) donned a tallit, and, in the role of a chazzan, showed Moses the order of the thirteen attributes of rachamim (mercy). God proclaims thirty-two words (Exod. 34:6-7) that have become known in Jewish tradition as the Shelosh Esrei Middot, the Thirteen Attributes of God’s Mercy: "And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth generation." (KJV)
According to traditional interpretations, the thirteen attributes are articulated as follows:
The Shelosh Esrei Middot formula is recited on Yom Kippur, and also during the Torah service on the High Holy Days, Pesach, Shavuot, and Sukkot.
Sheva Mitzvot B’nei Noach  (SHE-va meetz-VOTE be-nay NO-akh) n. Sheva mitzvot b’nei Noach. Seven Laws given to the children of Noah considered binding on all people, at all times, as universal obligations. The Children of Noah are the Gentiles, comprising the seventy nations of the world. They are commanded concerning the Seven Universal Laws, also known as the Seven Noahide Laws. These include:
When a Gentile resolves to fulfill the Seven Universal Laws, his or her soul is elevated. This person becomes one of the "Chasidei Umot Haolam" (Pious Ones of the Nations) and receives a share of the World to Come.
The Kaddish is recited at every prayer service, morning and evening, Shabbat and holiday, on days of fasting and rejoicing. Yizkor is a ceremony recalling all the deceased during a communal synagogue service. Yahrzeit is a personal memorial anniversary; it may be observed for any relative or friend, but it is meant primarily for parents.
Shlemut  (sh’lay-MUT) n. Wholeness; Completeness; Healing. Sometimes spelled shleimut, shleimus, etc.
Shnei Luchot Avanim  (she-NAY loo-KHOHT a-vah-NEEM) Phr. Shnei luchot avanim. The Two Tablets of Stone on which Adonai wrote Aseret Hadevarim (the Ten Words or Ten Commandments). These tablets were smashed by Moses after the Sin of the Golden Calf. However, Adonai mercifully let Moses inscribe a second set after a 40 day period of teshuvah. The two tablets (shnei luchot avanim) are also refered to as the two tablets of testimony (shenei luchot ha’edut), or “tables of stone” (luchot even) written with the finger of God.
Shoah  (SHOH-ah) n. Shoah. From the Hebrew word meaning destruction. Usually used to refer to the systematic Nazi destruction of European Jewry which began in 1933 when Adolph Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. This horrendous evil reduced the world's Jewish population by over one third. Also called haShoah.
Shofar  (sho-FAHR) n. Shofar; Ram’s Horn; also trumpet. A hallowed out ram's horn, reminding us of the ram offered by Avraham instead of his son (Gen. 22:13); historically used to herald freedom and assemble the community, it is now used for the month preceding Rosh Hashanah as well as during the Yamim Noraim to call toward repentance. It is a symbol of revelation and redemption, as sounded at Sinai (Ex. 19:16, 19).
Shofet  (SHOH-fet) n. A judge; from shafat, meaning to judge or govern.  Elohim shofet tzaddik - God is a righteous Judge (Psalm 7:11).
Shofetim  (shoh-fe-TEEM) n. Judges: Book of the Nevi’im in the Tanakh. The story of how Adonai raised up twelve remarkable individuals (called judges or shofetim) to deliver Israel from her enemies. Shoftim also refer to the judges of Israel (see parashat Shoftim for more information).
Shomer Shabbat  (shoh-mer shab-BAT) n. Sabbath observer; someone who keeps Shabbat laws in a traditional way.
Shomron  (shohm-ROHN) n. Samaria. Capital of the Northern Kingdom of ancient Israel. The later Samaritans were a mixed ethnic group descended from Jews deported by the Assyrians in the 8th century B.C. and other peoples ruled by the Assyrians, followed a religion combining pagan and Jewish elements. By the first century most Jews regarded them as pariahs. Eg., Matt. 10:5.
Shoresh  (SHO-resh) n. Shoresh; Root; origin; radical of a verb or word.
Shoteir  (shoh-TAYR) n. Official officer. A general term, widely used for an official in many areas of government and society, but particularly as police or enforcers of the laws and decrees of the shoftim (judges). Plural is shoterim.
Showbread, Table of  (shool-khan hap-pah-NEEM) Table of showbread; also shulchan lechem panim (Exodus 25:30).
Shulamite Woman  (shoo-lam-MEET) n. The heroine of Shir HaShirim, the Song of Songs. We do not know her name, though she doubtless represents either the Bride of Mashiach or Israel.
Shulchan Aruch  (shool-khan ‘a-ROOKH) n. Shulchan Aruch. “Prepared Table” by Rabbi Joseph Karo (1488-1575). A practical guide to traditional Jewish observance. A compendium of areas of the halachah.
Shum davar  (shoom dah-vahr) phr. “Nothing.” (Mah osah hayom? ~ )
Shuruq  (shoo-ROOK) n. Shuruq; U-class vowel mark with an “oo”sound. Shuruq is a long vowel.
Shushan Purim  (shoo-shahn poo-REEM) n. Celebration of Purim as a second day after the regular Purim celebration (customary in Jerusalem).
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