Yom Kippur (or the “Day of Atonement”) was the only time when the High Priest could enter the Holy of Holies and call upon the Name of YHVH (i.e., יהוה) to offer blood sacrifice for the sins of the people. This “life for a life” principle is the foundation of the sacrificial system and marked the great day of intercession made on behalf of God’s people.
For this reason Yom Kippur was also called the “Day of God’s Mercy,” or the “Day of God’s Name (יום השם). This alludes to the revelation of the attributes of God’s Compassion after the sin of the Golden Calf (see Exod. 34:6-7) — a disclosure that foreshadowed the New Covenant.
How much more, then, should Yom Kippur be esteemed as the “Day of Yeshua’s Name” (יום ישוע) since He secured for all of humanity everlasting kapparah (atonement)? Yeshua the Messiah is “Moshia ha’olam” (מוֹשִׁיעַ הָעוֹלָם), the Savior of the world; He alone possesses the “Name above all other Names” (Phil. 2:9-10; Acts 4:12).
It is altogether fitting, then, that God’s “hidden Name” (i.e., shem ha-meforash: שֵׁם הַמְּפרָשׁ) was proclaimed before the cover of the Ark of the Covenant in the Holy of Holies while atonement for our sins was made through the sacrificial blood….
This gives us a whole new perspective on Paul’s words (Rom. 10:9): “if you confess with your mouth that Yeshua is LORD (יהוה) and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead (i.e., that his blood was shed and presented on your behalf upon the heavenly kapporet), then you will be saved (that is, you will be reconciled to God and made a partaker of the atoning work of Yeshua).
Surely the Apostle Paul, a zealous rabbi who diligently studied Torah in Jerusalem under Rabbi Gamaliel (who was himself the grandson of the renowned Rabbi Hillel the Elder), understood the theological implications when he stated that the prophecy: “And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls on the Name of the LORD (בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה) shall be saved” (Joel 2:32) referred directly to Yeshua (Rom. 10:10).
- Joel 2:32a Hebrew page (pdf)
For more about Yom Kippur, see:
https://hebrew4christians.com/Holidays/Fall_Holidays/Yom_Kippur/yom_kippur.html