Faith and the Philosophy of Science…

Part of what “renewing your mind” means is learning to question the assumptions of worldly culture and resisting the temptation to flow with “preconscious” acceptance of habitual ways of seeing and thinking.  Take science, for example, and the frequent appeals made by its advocates that modern science should be regarded as a voice of authority about what is real…  Just a moment of reflection, however, will indicate that the scientific enterprise is a faith system that inescapably believes many metaphysical axioms, including assumptions about time (i.e., that the future will “resemble” the past), about motion (i.e., that natural processes are “uniform”), about space (that there is an external world that is knowable to the human mind); about the capability of the mind to define and represent things (e.g., that measurement “makes traction” with this external world and can be used to predict outcomes); about values (i.e., that it is “better” to know rather than not to know; or that the scientific method is an “good way” to develop inductive inferences, or that a given theory is “elegant,” etc.).  Note that these various axioms are not based on scientific inquiry itself (which is based on evidence and repeatable empirical measurement), but they are brought to science as assumptions used to frame or organize a particular “paradigm.”  In other words, science is a system of faith about what constitutes “reality,” and like any other faith system, it needs to undergo testing to see if its inferences and claims provide the best explanation for what is real.  For instance, does the naturalistic view of reality espoused by evolutionary cosmologists best explain the meaning of life?  Does it account, for instance, for the electromagnetic pulse of the individual human heart?  For the aesthetic wonder of the beauty? For poetry, or the longing of heart for love? for friendship? truth? for eternal life?

There are limits of scientific knowledge and its apprehension of reality (as explained by Immanuel Kant).  Do phenomenal cause and effect inferences have anything to say to us today?  Of course *good* science is a humble endeavor because it realizes its conclusions are tentative and subject to falsification.  Good science that is based on verifiable research that has undergone the rigors of peer-reviewed testing is an avenue of knowledge about things, though of course it is not infallible.  Moreover, not all that is claimed to be “good science” deserves the title. For example consider that the theory of macro evolution that claims (without any empirical evidence) the universe simply exploded into being out of absolutely nothing for no logical reason whatsoever… It should be obvious that if we define science as “the observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of phenomena,” macro evolutionary theory is not science, since it is not based on the direct observation of how the universe originated, etc., though the observation of expected results if it were true can be admitted, so long as it is understood that such evidence is inductive and therefore not demonstrable by logic (that is, if p then q, q, therefore p is not a valid form of reasoning).  And as for the “noumenal” realm of reality, silence of course is silent….

 

 

Many people ascribe to “science” power it simply does not have, just as are many people are unaware that science is grounded in philosophical assumptions that transcend the realm of scientific knowledge altogether. It is wise, therefore, when presented with a scientific claim that something is true, to respectfully ask for the logical reasons and the warrant (i.e., datasets, methodologies, etc.) for believing the claim is justified. Remember that relying on self-professed testimonial is not sufficient warrant since such testimony may be biased, as for example when pharmaceutical companies claim the efficacy of a particular medication or vaccine. As a matter of fact, genuine scientific consensus is rare, and we should remember that scientific knowledge is an ongoing process that ever-approximates what is true. For example, it was not long ago that science thought the earth was flat, that leeches and bloodletting were prescribed to cure illnesses; that phrenology and lobotomies were used to “cure” mental illness, and so on. Be wise and test truth claims, chaverim. If there are peer-reviewed studies that independently confirm the probable truth of a given hypothesis, then that is to be respected and taken into consideration, but unthinking acceptance of statements made by unqualified authorities (such as politicians, mass media broadcasters, or a former Microsoft CEO) about the efficacy or interpretation of scientific data is not.

Of all tyrannies, a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. It would be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent moral busybodies. The robber baron’s cruelty may sometimes sleep, his cupidity may at some point be satiated; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end for they do so with the approval of their own conscience. (C.S. Lewis: God in the Dock)

 

The Sigh of Faith…

“We groan inwardly as we eagerly await our redemption…” (Rom. 8:23). We sigh deeply because we are suspended between two worlds, living in the ambiguity of an already-not-yet expectation, enduring ourselves as imperfect vessels longing for perfection, trapped between what is and what will be, seeing the unseen, yearning for healing, believing that we shall never die, even as we die (John 11:26). We are restless for our eternal home and long for God’s presence as we walk through shadowy vales, facing various temptations, whispering our prayers in the dark. And though we must learn endurance and trust in God’s sovereign purposes, our faith nevertheless compels us to cry out, “How long, O Lord?” and “Come, Lord Yeshua” (Rev. 22:20). Our ongoing challenge is to keep a positive attitude despite the struggles we face, and therefore we inwardly pray: “Renew within me ruach nachon (רוּחַ נָכוֹן) – “a spirit that says Yes” (Psalm 51:10).

Surrender means accepting God’s will for our lives — saying “yes” to the promise of love, even if we presently feel empty inside and wonder how long we can hang in there… Saying “yes” implies saying “no” to other things – no to fear, anger and doubt, for example. Tragically there are people who have given up hope for bitterness and despair. Asking God to give us a spirit of “yes” is really a prayer for focus, direction, and the willingness to keep pressing on to our heavenly destiny.

Read more “The Sigh of Faith…”

Mystery and Mercy…

In our Torah portion for this Shabbat (i.e., parashat Terumah), God provides instructions about creating the great “Ark of the Covenant” (אֲרוֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה). Note that the Hebrew text says “they shall make an ark of acacia wood” (Exod. 25:10). Unlike other furnishings of the Tabernacle that were made by Betzalel, the text uses the plural verb here: “they shall make an ark” (וְעָשׂוּ אֲרוֹן), which implies that every person had a part in upholding the Torah. More – each person had a part in the place of blood atonement offered upon the kapporet – the cover of the Ark – which again symbolizes that Yeshua offered his life for the sins of all who would trust in him (1 John 2:2).

Note further that the Ark’s dimensions were given in fractional measurements, “half-cubits” used to describe its length, width, and height, as we read: “They shall make an ark of acacia wood (עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים); two cubits and a half (וָחֵצִי) shall be its length, a cubit and a half its breadth, and a cubit and a half its height” (Exod. 25:10). The sages comment that the “half-cubit” is symbolic of our fractional understanding, alluding to mystery and even paradox. “You shall overlay it with pure gold, inside and outside shall you overlay it, and you shall make on it a crown of gold (זֵר זָהָב) around it” (Exod. 25:11). The heart of the Tabernacle held the law of God, a picture of Yeshua who bore the law of God within his heart (Matt. 5:17-18). And though the Ark was made of wood from the common thorntree, it was covered inside and out with pure gold and bore a “crown” where the sacrificial blood was offered for atonement, a picture of Yeshua who clothed himself in our humanity, bore the crown of thorns, and shed his blood for our eternal atonement (Heb. 9:12).

Read more “Mystery and Mercy…”

Boundaries with God…

Recall that before the revelation at Sinai God instructed Moses to set a “boundary” (i.e., hagbalah: הגבּלה) around the mountain with the stern warning that whoever would transgress the imposed limit would die (Exod. 19:12). But why did the LORD command this distance from the people at the time of such intense revelation? Why, for that matter, were God’s first words to Moses, “do not come closer” (אַל־תִּקְרַב הֲלֹם) when he encountered the LORD before the burning thornbush (Exod. 3:5)? In response to such questions the sages have said that there is a fundamental “dialectic” or tension at the core of our connection with God. On the one hand God is utterly holy, sacredly separate, infinitely transcendent, and entirely beyond our understanding, while on the other hand God is entirely present within creation, upholding it and providentially sustaining it, and who is near to all who sincerely call upon him (Psalm 145:18). God is both Elohim (אלהִים) – the Master of the universe and ruler of all possible worlds — the sole Creator (הַבּוֹרֵא) and the only true Judge and moral authority (הֲשֹׁפֵט הָאֲמִתִּית), yet he is also YHVH (יְהוָה), the source of our breath (Gen. 2:7; Num. 16:22), the compassionate Savior (הַמוֹשִׁיעַ), the intercessor (מַפְגִּיעַ), the Redeemer (הַגּוֹאֵל), the Healer (הַמְרַפֵּא), and Lover of our souls (חובב נשמתנו). God is both fully holy (separate) yet his glory pervades and fills the world (Isa. 6:3).

The dialectic between God’s transcendence (sacred otherness) and immanence (inherent presence) evoke different existential responses within the heart of faith. The transcendence of God evokes emotions of fear, reverence, respect, honor, and profound awe, while the immanence of God evokes emotions of love, closeness, intimacy, comfort, safety, and so on. The Torah juxtaposes both heart attitudes by saying, “And now, Israel, what does the LORD your God require of you, but to fear (לירוא) the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, to love (לֶאֱהֹב) him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul” (Deut. 10:12). In this summary statement of what the LORD requires of us, the fear of the LORD (i.e., yirat Hashem: יִרְאַת יהוה) is mentioned first. First we must learn to properly fear the LORD and only then will we be able to walk (לָלֶכֶת) in His ways, to love (לְאַהֲבָה) Him, and to serve (לַעֲבד) Him with all our heart and soul. But again, the requirement to fear the LORD your God (לְיִרְאָה אֶת־יהוה) is placed first in this list…

Read more “Boundaries with God…”

Shadows and Substance…

The Scriptures reveal that the Mishkan (or “Tabernacle”) was intended to provide an elaborate “parable” or “pattern” that points to the salvation of our God (יְשׁוּעַת אֱלהֵינוּ). First, the Mishkan designated a central and sacred place (מִקְדָּשׁ) representing the Divine Presence, with the tribes carefully arrayed on each side (east, west, north, and south), and the four families of the Levites arrayed on each side of the courtyard (Num. 2). The gate to the Mishkan opened from the east, where the tribe of Judah was positioned (Gen. 49:10) and where the Kohanim (priests) had their camp just outside the court (Heb. 7:14). As you entered the Mishkan itself, you would immediately behold the mizbe’ach (i.e., copper altar), which revealed the “korban principle,” namely, that the only way to draw near to God is by means of sacrificial blood offered in exchange for the sinner, as stated in the Torah, “For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it for you on the altar to make atonement for your souls, for it is the blood that makes atonement by the life” (Lev. 17:11), and “without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins” (Heb. 9:22).

Read more “Shadows and Substance…”

The Great King over All…

The world might be in a frenzy over various earthly fears, but understand that the LORD God of Israel is upon the throne, friends. As it says in our Scriptures: “For the LORD, the Most High, is to be feared, the great king over all the earth” (Psalm 47:2). Those of faith understand history – including the End of Days – as the expression of God’s sovereign and providential hand. The gracious Savior always works “all things together for the good” of those who are trusting in Him. Ein od milvado (אין עוד מלבדו) – there is no power that can be exercised apart from God’s consent and overarching will. Indeed all authority in heaven and earth belongs to Yeshua, the “the Ruler of the Kings of the earth” (עליון למלכי הארץ). As it is written, “All the nations you have made shall come and worship before you, O Lord, and shall glorify your name” (Psalm 86:9).

 

 

Being Rich toward Heaven…

In our Torah for this week (Terumah) we read: “Take for Me an offering…” (Exod. 25:2). The midrash says that this teaches that if you give tzedakah (charity) to those in need, you take God to yourself, as it is written: “For the LORD stands to the right of the needy” (Psalm 109:31), and “Whoever shows pity to the poor lends to the LORD, and his kindness will be repaid to him” (Prov. 19:17). It may seem counter-intuitive to carnal and worldly reasoning, but when you give to others, you will receive even more in return (Mal. 3:10). Indeed the person who seeks treasure for himself is not rich toward God, since we can only keep what we give away in kindness (Luke 12:21). As our Lord taught: “Give, and it will be given to you. Good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over, will be put into your lap. For with the measure you use it will be measured back to you” (Luke 6:38).

 

 

The Divine Encounter…

In our Torah reading for this week (i.e., parashat Terumah) the Lord told Moses to construct the Mishkan (or “tabernacle”) exactly according to the pattern he was shown during his revelation on Mount Sinai (Exod. 25:40). At the inmost center of the Tabernacle, the place of utmost holiness, was the Ark of the Covenant (אֲרוֹן־הַקּדֶשׁ), a “three-in-one” box that held the tablets of the covenant. The Ark served as a symbol of kisei ha-kavod (כִּסֵּא הַכָּבוֹד), the Throne of Glory, since it stood entirely apart as the only furnishing in the Holy of Holies (קדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים). Upon the cover of the Ark (i.e., the kapporet) were fashioned two cherubim (i.e., angel-like figures) that faced one another (Exod. 25:17-18). According to the Talmud (Succah 5b), each cherub had the face of a child – one boy and one girl – and their wings spread heavenward as their eyes gazed upon the cover (Exod. 25:20). It was here – in the midst of sacred innocence, humility, purity, and hope – that the sacrificial blood was offered to make atonement for our sins, and it was here where God’s Voice would be heard (Exod. 25:22; Num. 7:89).

Read more “The Divine Encounter…”

Comfort from the Shepherd…

The Spirit of the Lord comforts and reassures those who trust in Him: “My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. And I give them eternal life (חַיֵּי עוֹלָם), and they will never perish – no, never! – and no one will snatch them out of my hand” (John 10:27-28). Note that the Greek grammar in this verse uses a “double negation,” which is the strongest way to deny something. In other words, if the question were asked, “Will one of these sheep perish?” the answer is emphatic: “No, no, it will never happen! It is unthinkable!” Indeed all those who belong to Messiah “shall never, ever perish – not into eternity (εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα).” It is an eternal certainty that you who are trusting in Yeshua will never perish, and no power in heaven or earth will be able to take you out of God’s hand… “Surely goodness and mercy shall pursue you all the days of your life, and you shall dwell in the Presence of the Lord forever (Psalm 23:6).

Read more “Comfort from the Shepherd…”

What are you Seeking?

“Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world; if any one loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him” (1 John 2:15). The best way to keep a prisoner from escaping is to make sure he never knows he’s in prison (Dostoevsky). We may abstain from overt forms of worldliness, but when we subconsciously accept the unspoken assumptions and values of this world, we become functional idolaters. Worldliness seeks its comfort in the present hour; it has its own mythology and religious worship.

Test yourself by thinking about what concerns you most. What takes up most of your attention? What do you really want? Where do you look to find value, significance, and worth? What can’t you live without? Do you desire romantic love? A political change? Are you addicted to entertainment? fantasy-thinking? the internet? your phone, or perhaps your work? Do want your own way and feel frustrated when other demands arise? Do you wrestle with pride? lust? covetousness? Are you tempted by fear or anxiety? Do you make an idol out of your career and “providing for your family?” Or do you perhaps seek religious “observance” or new experiences to justify your spiritual life? What “barns” are you filling today, friend? (Luke 12:16-20). God sees all things, of course; He knows those who “hide deep from the LORD,” whose deeds are in the dark, and think, “Who sees us? Who knows us?” (Isa. 29:15). Yeshua lamented: “This people draws near to me with their mouth, and honors me with their lips; but their heart is far from me” (Matt. 15:8). The LORD says, “Return! Turn from your idols of the heart (i.e., gilgulim, vain repetitions, addictions, reincarnation, illusions, etc.), and be grounded in what is real (Ezek. 14:6). God understands that we are only healed – that is, made whole – when we order our affections aright within our souls. We cannot enjoy the truth about life if we are living a lie. As C.S. Lewis once said, “God cannot give us a happiness and peace apart from Himself because it is not there” (Mere Christianity).

Read more “What are you Seeking?”